Italy is going through a brief time of economic expansion and recovery which seems to lead the country out of a recession started with the 1973 oil crisis. It is the “great illusion” of the period of time that goes from 1983 to 1987, which coincides with the government led by Bettino Craxi, the socialist leader, who inaugurates what he calls the “second republic”. By strengthening the executive power, the fundamentals of the republican Italy are questioned, first and foremost the system regarding the political parties. This system seems in a crisis given the progressive problems tied to the world bipolar forces, the birth of new political powers and the wide spread phaenomenons concerning corruption within traditional parties. The political crisis is expression of unsolved structural knots and a wide spread social discomfort, besides the lacking traditional representation of politics and trade unions. During this time Chernobyl happens and shakes the scarse sensibility that political and economical subjects had shown up until then toward environmental issues. On April 30 Italy is touched by the polluting cloud started in Chernobyl.