In the morning of August 3rd, 1961 the operation "Wall of China", wanted by Walter Ulbricht and Erich Honecker, is done and a barbed wire, soon turned into a real wall, separates the DDR and the western sector of the city of Berlin, as well as was ratified with the peace treaties in 1945. The official thesis, also accepted by several intellectuals of the Wets, is to legitimize the operation originally thought in order to stem the exodus of over 2.6 million people, who had already left the DDR since 1949, running away from an economy choked by the USSR, either to balance her economical problems or owing to exact political elements and considerations. In the reality, the Wall became the physical representation of the “iron curtain” that separated Europe in two blocks during the “Cold War”. Suggested in 1947 by the financier Bernard Baruch e made famous by the journalist Walter Lippman, "Cold War" was a non-battled political and strategic – as well as cultural – conflict, that characterized the identity of the two blocks and the mood of people living in for 52 years. On June 15th, 1963, during his visit in West Berlin, the USA President John Fritzgerald Kennedy said: "There is some people in the world who doesn’t understand, or doesn’t know, which is the great problem between the free and the communist world. Let them come to Berlin! There is someone who says that Communism in the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin! There is someone who says that, in Europe and elsewhere in the world, we could work with the communists. Let them come to Berlin! And there is also a few who says it’s true that Communism is a bad system, but permits also to do economic progress. “Lassen Sie nach Berlin kommen! Let them come to Berlin! All the free people, everywhere they live, are citizens of Berlin, and so, as a free man myself, I’m proud to say: “Ich bin ein Berliner". Boarder passages were opened on November 9th, 1989.
They started to destroy this symbol of the XX century in the same night of November and definitely destroyed, since June 13th, 1990 by 300 DDR boarder guards and at the end by 600 soldiers of the German army, with an extraordinary participation of the people.