National Content: Germany

The sources show the violent reaction of the members of the Warsaw Pact in 1968 against liberalisation in Czechoslovakia. The demarcation line crossing Europe in the Cold War was defended. The "Spring of Prague" shows that people and government tried to develop the state and society. The hard line stands in the context of the surprising or revolution in Berlin/East 1953, Hungary and Poland until 1981. Michael Gorbacov said in front of the European Parlament in Strasbourg in the context of Glanost and Perestroika on July, 7th 1989: “Any intervention with domestic concerns, any attempts to limit the sovereignty of the cultures - from friends and allies as well as from anybody else - are unacceptable and illegal.” From the German perspective what began with the “Prague Spring”, ended with the opening of the wall, the reunification and the membership of Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and others in the EU. That is today the same as in the "official" interpretation.