The national perspective can be considered under two aspects. The political one is the first and it can also be seen in two different ways. The “official” one, where the Christian democratic government is strongly allied with the USA, the supporters of the State of Israel and where the Eichmann’s trial is believed to be just and correct. On the other hand there’s the political view of the opposition, mainly the communists, who believe that the trial is a good thing but values it for completely different reasons: as a criticism to the western capitalism, which was considered to have supported Nazism and its crimes at the time the happened. The second way to look at the national perspective is through the eyes of the historians. Following 15 years of publications aimed at reminding of the facts, scarsly documented for the most, and only mildly involving the fascists and Mussolini in the facts, 1961 represents a turn around point with the publication of a book, History of the Italian Jews during the Fascist Era, written by Renzo De Felice. This book introduces new historical studies about the persecutions and the massacre of the Jews and it is valued for being anchored to archives and for its critical method, research and comparison. In general we can say that, contrary to the big noise about the trial at an international level, the widespread culture and the collective memory in Italy tend to remove the tragedy of the Shoah and pays only marginal attention to the trial. After all, during the previous years the re-establishment of the Jewish community and the repayment of their values had been slow and very difficult, just like the attitude of the Italian governments toward the question of the war criminals and a missed opportunity to have an “Italian Nuremberg”.