The economic boom and the spreading of mass consumption of goods feed into a feeling of optimism, a trust in an unlimited economic development supported by the incredible advances in the scientific realm and make people less aware of the still existing problems in the nation. Even the political situation seems different compared to the darker years of the 50s. The two superpowers now seem in competition to expand economically and the conquest of space seems the highest expression of success. In Italy politics sees the birth of a centre-left party, the Socialist party, although the government is still led by the Christian democrats. Right before Gagarin’s adventure, Italy inaugurates in Turin “Italy ‘61”, which celebrates the 100th anniversary of the unification of Italy, with three big shows dedicated to the conquests of science and technology. Eighteen nations participate in the event, among them Great Britain, United States other socialist countries and five international organizations.